Conjugation Table for the Italian Verb Visitare

Causes And Effects Of Homelessness Essay - 1267 Words

Causes and effects of homelessness in industrialized countries Student Name Institution Introduction Homelessness is the lack of a place to leave or sleep especially during the night. Homeless people do not have proper housing, security and most of them sleep in different places depending on various conditions. Homelessness definition can vary in countries or in various regions in the same country. According to Evans, L., Strathdee in the book â€Å"A roof is not enough†, he explains that there are various forms of homelessness that go beyond having a house. He argues that people who are refuges leaving in camps or squatters occupying someone’s land illegally and expect eviction anytime are under the category of homeless. According to UN report of 1996, the number of homeless individuals is about 1000 million and still increasing. The report indicated that the homeless live in various places depending on their countries. For instance, in Bombay 250,000 people spend their nights in pavement. The problem of homelessness is not only found in developing countries but also in the industrialized countries. Around 700,000 people in the United States of America are homeless. The reasons for homelessness are varied not forgetting that international laws for housing advocate for adequate housing. In fact, more than 40 countries campaign for proper housing in their constitution. The effects of homelessness are many and range from health factors to personalShow MoreRelatedCauses and Effects of Homelessness2290 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿ Causes and Effects of Homelessness Tera Penrod Purpose: To help people understand homelessness. Audience: Readers interested in learning about some causes of homelessness and some effects it has. Homelessness is living without a home, be it on the streets or in shelters. There are many causes for people becoming homeless, and the combination of factors that lead to homelessness are different for every individual. Some of the factors that contribute to homelessness for youth, singleRead More Causes and Effects of Homelessness Essay829 Words   |  4 PagesHomelessness is a problem virtually every society suffers from. There are many things that cause people to become homeless, such as unemployment, relationship problems, and being evicted from ones domicile either by a landlord, friend or even a family member. However, with every cause there must be an effect. Some of the effects of one becoming homeless, besides the obvious change of lifestyle, are various health problems which often times may lead to death. Many people find themselves inRead MoreThe Causes and Effects of Homelessness Essay1920 Words   |  8 PagesHomelessness is a major problem facing many cities. Some people are homeless because of unfortunate situations, and others are homeless by choice. Homelessness has been around since 1640. The cost of housing is on the rise and many become homeless because they that are not making enough money to afford the cost of housing. The cost of health care and insurance has risen dramatically over the past years. For families living low or middle incomes that can be devastating. Families or individualsRead MoreMain Causes of Why People Become Homelessness Essay669 Words   |  3 PagesHomelessness Definition Homelessness is the condition and social category of people who having no home or permanent place, because they cannot afford or unable to maintain a regular and safe shelter. Causes There are three main causes why people are homelessness. The first reason is housing. There is increasing evidence that a growing number of homebody in the private rental market are in housing stress. For example, many people pay more than 35 percent of their income on renting house. In additionRead MoreHomeless Population Of New South Wales1444 Words   |  6 PagesOverview â€Å"In a country as prosperous as Australia, no one should have to be homeless.† - The Road Home, 2008 Homelessness is a complex problem and not simply a lack of housing. It has numerous causes that affect different groups differently. In Australia, there are approximately 105000 people experiencing homelessness reported in the 2011 census. This equates to one in every two hundred people. The homeless population of New South Wales accounts for over one quarter of the total in Australia,Read MoreThe Emotional, Social, And Academic Effects Of Homelessness On Children1291 Words   |  6 Pages01/22/2015 The emotional, social, and academic effects of homelessness on children Hardly a day in life goes by without seeing a homeless child trying to survive, especially in developing countries. Unwanted sightings of homeless children happen every day both in developed and underdeveloped countries. The increase in divorce and trend in cohabitation has led to an increasing number of children being homeless. As stated in the â€Å" Homeless Facts Children and Homelessness - Some Facts conducted by the CommitteeRead MoreHomeless in The United States 1309 Words   |  6 PagesHomelessness is a problem that happens in many different countries around the world. Definitions of homelessness are defined in different meanings by different people. However, the Stewart B. McKinney Act defines a homeless person as â€Å" one who lacks a fixed permanent nighttime residence or whose nighttime residence is a temporary shelter, welfare hotel, or any public or private place not designed as sleeping accommodations for human beings† (McNamara 1025). It is impossible to fi nd out exactly theRead MoreWhat Causes Homelessness? The United States Of America884 Words   |  4 PagesWhat causes homelessness? Homelessness is a major problem in the United States of America. Homelessness is a state in which people do not have a place to stay in for a period of time and are always spending their time on the streets. From a teenage eluding a bad environment, to an elderly citizen on a fine tuned income that is not enough to cover a rent or the tax increase, to a child whose parents lost their job out of nowhere and became unemployed are what leads to homelessness (â€Å"Homelessness ResourceRead MoreThe State of Homelessness in the United States Essay586 Words   |  3 PagesHomelessness became a huge problem in everywhere especially in the USA. Most people heard homeless people, and they saw homeless people in the streets, markets, or bridges. Most people never try to understand why there is much homelessness. Most people do not know any facts about them seem the truth of homelessness, the state of homelessness in the United States, and the effect on people from homelessness. Many causes become the answers to homeless people. The most easy understanding of homelessnessRead MoreHomelessness and Mental Illness1095 Words   |  5 Pagesas well. Homelessness and mental illness are linked. These two happenings have similar beginnings. Homelessness is influenced by drug and alcohol disuse, being homeless at a young age, money problems, and trauma symptoms. Mental illness is caused by many of the same things, but it can also happen at birth. The effects that each entity has on a person are comparable. Rehabilitation is a necessary process if a victim of homelessness and or mental illness wants to rejoin society. Homelessness and mental

Leading and Managing People of the company - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Leading and Managing People of the company. Answer: On creating a shared vision the company may face some challenges if the values are not clear. The vision of the company should have a significant purpose and the organizational manager should describe the current position honestly. Hiding or concealing any fact from the staff members can cause severe consequences later. The company needs to set clear organizational goals and strategies to move forward. In addition to this, the company needs to involve their employees on setting the goals, so that they get a clear understanding of the changing policies and procedures. The current changes are to be communicated to the employees in order to reduce the problems (Ramthun and Matkin 2012). The internal business factors which can affect the organizational success are; the structure, culture, economics and others. Effective internal communication forms the foundation of the organizational culture. It includes the interpersonal relationships, newsletters, training materials, philosophical policies and statements. In an organization, be it big or small, employees happiness matters the most. It is to be kept in mind that the employees are valued and respected. The employees must be encouraged on a regular basis to voice their opinions and views. In addition to this, their achievements must be recognized (Wheelen and Hunger 2017). The external competitors are the most critical factors in a business. The company needs to keep a track of the other companies behavior and strategies. In accordance with that, they need to plan their strategies. On developing the business products and philosophies, the company needs to strengthen their production, customer services as well as operational efficiencies. In addition to this, the company should also meet the political, economical and legal aspects, in order to generate their ethical standards. Moreover, the technological evolution helps in Management the companys need to adapt as well as constantly research for their improvements (Wang, Chen and Chen 2012). In order to ensure the success of the multicultural leadership effort, the leader needs to be motivational and supportive. Firstly, he/she needs to be trustworthy and honorable. Being honest and trustworthy also means being polite and decent. This would help him/her to earn respect from others. Secondly, he/she needs to motivate and encourage the employees to perform their best. Transformational leaders know how to influence their employees to perform their best. Thirdly, good communication skills can prove to be beneficial for the leaders. At the same time, he/she needs to have good listening skills and be compassionate. Fourthly, the organization needs to take care that all the employees are accepting diversity in the organizational policies and multicultural leadership (Aritz and Walker 2014). References Aritz, J. and Walker, R.C., 2014. Leadership styles in multicultural groups: Americans and East Asians working together.International Journal of Business Communication,51(1), pp.72-92. Ramthun, A.J. and Matkin, G.S., 2012. Multicultural shared leadership: A conceptual model of shared leadership in culturally diverse teams.Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies,19(3), pp.303-314. Wang, C.H., Chen, K.Y. and Chen, S.C., 2012. Total quality management, market orientation and hotel performance: The moderating effects of external environmental factors.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(1), pp.119-129. Wheelen, T.L. and Hunger, J.D., 2017.Strategic management and business policy. pearson.

The Aztecs And The Incas Essays - Aztec, Civilizations, Tenochtitlan

The Aztecs and the Incas The Aztecs and the Incas are two of the most memorable ancient Indian tribes because of their accomplishments and the way that they flourished and became two of the most prominent tribes in the Americas. The Aztecs, also known as the Mexica, dominated central and southern Mexico from the 14th to 16th centuries and are best known for having established an empire based on conquest, tribute paying and the religious sacrifice of humans and animals. The Quechian-speaking Incas established an extensive Andean empire in South America shortly before the conquest of the New World by the Europeans. These two empires arose from lowly beginnings. The Aztecs were forced to occupy the swampy area the western side of Lake Texcoco after the fall of the Toltec civilization. They converted their disadvantageous beginning into a powerfully advanced empire within two centuries, partially because of their belief in a legend. The legend goes on to say that they would establish a great civilization in a marshy area where they would see a cactus growing out of a rock and perched on top, an eagle eating a snake. Priests supposedly saw this in 1325 upon arrival and founded the great city of Tenochtitlan. As the Aztecs grew in number, they established superior military and civil organizations. The Incas, on the other hand, had no legend to guide them. They were originally a small warlike tribe inhabiting the south highland region of the Cordillera Central in Peru. They moved into the valley of Cuzco in at about 1100 and for roughly the next 300 years, raided and whenever possible, imposed tribute on neighboring peoples. Until the middle of the 15th century, however, the Incas undertook no imperialistic expansion or political consolidation. The empire reached it's greatest extent in the reign of Huayna Capac. By this time, the Incas controlled a territory roughly the size of the Atlantic Coast states of the US. The capital city of the Aztecs was an artificial island, formed by piling up mud from the lake bottom, called Tenochtitlan, inhabited by over 100000 people, twice the population of any European city at the time. Tenochtitlan means ?Place of the Cactus? and under Montezuma, it became the most powerful city in Mexico. It had an advanced water supply system, with public fountains and reservoirs throughout the city. Laid out into a grid pattern, it was divided by canals- ?roads? for canoe traffic- and into four districts, each with it's own temples, schools and markets. The edges of the city had simple housed for the poor; the center had grand houses for the rich. Markets were held every five days and people from everywhere came to sell goods, exchange gossip and news. Officers patrolled the streets and thieves would be tried and punished on the spot. Tenochtitlan was indeed a very organized city. The Incan empire was an agriculturally based theocracy rigidly organized along socialistic lines. The entire domain was also divided into four great regions or quarters and these regions were subdivided into provinces and various other lesser socioeconomic groups. While Tenochtitlan had a system of canals and paved roads to keep the city together, there was a great network of stone roads connecting all parts of the realm to the capital city of Cuzco. Trained runners, working in relays, covered up to 400 km a day delivering messages. Like the Aztecs, who often traveled around their city in canoes, the Incas had Balsa wood boats which provided a rapid means of transportation along rivers and streams. Although the Incas had neither horses, nor a system of writing, authorities in Cuzco were able to keep in close touch with developments around the empire with this system. Communication was also enhanced by keeping numerical records of troops, supplies, population data, and general inventories by means of knotted and colored string called quipus. The imperial administrators had everything under control. While the Incans had no form of writing, the Aztecs used pictographic writing, hieroglyphics, recorded on animal hides. Some of these writings still exist today. The hieroglyphics can also still be found on the ruins of ancient temples. They used a calendar system developed by the earlier Mayan civilization. Both civilizations had numerous gods and paid sacrifices to them. The Incans had the gods of sun, stars and weather. Their goddesses were of the earth, moon and sea. They had numerous and elaborate ceremonies and rituals, primarily centered on health and agricultural concerns. Live animals were often sacrificed at important ceremonies; humans were sacrificed occasionally to the The Aztecs And The Incas Essays - Aztec, Civilizations, Tenochtitlan The Aztecs and the Incas The Aztecs and the Incas are two of the most memorable ancient Indian tribes because of their accomplishments and the way that they flourished and became two of the most prominent tribes in the Americas. The Aztecs, also known as the Mexica, dominated central and southern Mexico from the 14th to 16th centuries and are best known for having established an empire based on conquest, tribute paying and the religious sacrifice of humans and animals. The Quechian-speaking Incas established an extensive Andean empire in South America shortly before the conquest of the New World by the Europeans. These two empires arose from lowly beginnings. The Aztecs were forced to occupy the swampy area the western side of Lake Texcoco after the fall of the Toltec civilization. They converted their disadvantageous beginning into a powerfully advanced empire within two centuries, partially because of their belief in a legend. The legend goes on to say that they would establish a great civilization in a marshy area where they would see a cactus growing out of a rock and perched on top, an eagle eating a snake. Priests supposedly saw this in 1325 upon arrival and founded the great city of Tenochtitlan. As the Aztecs grew in number, they established superior military and civil organizations. The Incas, on the other hand, had no legend to guide them. They were originally a small warlike tribe inhabiting the south highland region of the Cordillera Central in Peru. They moved into the valley of Cuzco in at about 1100 and for roughly the next 300 years, raided and whenever possible, imposed tribute on neighboring peoples. Until the middle of the 15th century, however, the Incas undertook no imperialistic expansion or political consolidation. The empire reached it's greatest extent in the reign of Huayna Capac. By this time, the Incas controlled a territory roughly the size of the Atlantic Coast states of the US. The capital city of the Aztecs was an artificial island, formed by piling up mud from the lake bottom, called Tenochtitlan, inhabited by over 100000 people, twice the population of any European city at the time. Tenochtitlan means ?Place of the Cactus? and under Montezuma, it became the most powerful city in Mexico. It had an advanced water supply system, with public fountains and reservoirs throughout the city. Laid out into a grid pattern, it was divided by canals- ?roads? for canoe traffic- and into four districts, each with it's own temples, schools and markets. The edges of the city had simple housed for the poor; the center had grand houses for the rich. Markets were held every five days and people from everywhere came to sell goods, exchange gossip and news. Officers patrolled the streets and thieves would be tried and punished on the spot. Tenochtitlan was indeed a very organized city. The Incan empire was an agriculturally based theocracy rigidly organized along socialistic lines. The entire domain was also divided into four great regions or quarters and these regions were subdivided into provinces and various other lesser socioeconomic groups. While Tenochtitlan had a system of canals and paved roads to keep the city together, there was a great network of stone roads connecting all parts of the realm to the capital city of Cuzco. Trained runners, working in relays, covered up to 400 km a day delivering messages. Like the Aztecs, who often traveled around their city in canoes, the Incas had Balsa wood boats which provided a rapid means of transportation along rivers and streams. Although the Incas had neither horses, nor a system of writing, authorities in Cuzco were able to keep in close touch with developments around the empire with this system. Communication was also enhanced by keeping numerical records of troops, supplies, population data, and general inventories by means of knotted and colored string called quipus. The imperial administrators had everything under control. While the Incans had no form of writing, the Aztecs used pictographic writing, hieroglyphics, recorded on animal hides. Some of these writings still exist today. The hieroglyphics can also still be found on the ruins of ancient temples. They used a calendar system developed by the earlier Mayan civilization. Both civilizations had numerous gods and paid sacrifices to them. The Incans had the gods of sun, stars and weather. Their goddesses were of the earth, moon and sea. They had numerous and elaborate ceremonies and rituals, primarily centered on health and agricultural concerns. Live animals were often sacrificed at important ceremonies; humans were sacrificed occasionally to the

When Disobedience is Acceptable essays

When Disobedience is Acceptable essays In the year 2000, one can go to most any high school football game and observe a ritual that is becoming more and more widespread and symbolic in meaning to its participants. Before the football game begins, the Star Spangled Banner is played and sung, the flag is raised, and each schools band plays their Alma Mater. But where in years past there would have been a stadium-wide prayer for the safety and happiness of players, students, and fans, there is naught but silence. During the few moments where a prayer would have been given, one can see small groups of high school students trickling down out of the bleachers and onto the track, where they come together in a circular huddle to make a statement. An array of groups is represented; one can see cheerleaders in their suits, band members in their uniforms, even students in their plainclothes melding together in this group to have their pre-game prayer. Although the law has made it known that prayers before high school football games are unacceptable, these students are taking a stand and making their opinions known through civil disobedience. The issue of prayer at high school football games is but one of many issues today that calls individuals to civil disobedience. But this concept of civil disobedience is not a solely modern one; as long as there have been governments and laws and systems for individuals to control themselves and one another, there has been civil disobedience. Both Henry David Thoreau and Martin Luther King, Jr. were advocates of civil disobedience. In their writings, Civil Disobedience and Letter from Birmingham Jail they both approach civil disobedience as an honorable way of maintaining personal integrity, and as an incendiary device to ignite the flames of revolution and change. In Thoreaus time, the abolition of slavery was a contemporary and hugely important issue. Similarly, in Kings time, the battle raged again...

Act One Plot Summary of Pygmalion

Act One Plot Summary of Pygmalion George Bernard Shaw wrote over forty plays during the course long life of 94 years. Pygmalion, written in 1913, became his most famous work. Check out our article on Shaws biography to learn more about his life and literature. Quick Synopsis Its the tale of a conceited professor of linguistics, Henry Higgins, and the brash, incorrigible young woman named Eliza Doolittle. Higgins sees the cockney girl as a great challenge. Can she learn to speak like a refined English lady? Higgins endeavors to transform Eliza in his own image, and he gets much more than he ever bargained for. Pygmalion in Greek Mythology The title of the play is derived from ancient Greece. According to Greek Mythology, Pygmalion was a sculptor who created a beautiful statue of a woman. The gods grant the artist a wish by making the sculpture come to life. The main character in Shaws play is not a sculptor; however, he does become enamored with his own creation. Plot Summary of Act One Professor Henry Higgins wanders the streets of London, absorbing the local color and studying the various dialects those around him. A crowd of people huddle together, due to the sudden downpour of rain. A wealthy woman tells her adult son, Freddy to hail a taxi. He complains but obeys, bumping into a young woman selling flowers: Eliza Doolittle. She asks a man to buy flowers from her. He declines, but gives her spare change, for charitys sake. Another man warns Eliza that she should be careful; a stranger has been writing down every word she has been saying. The stranger is Prof. Henry Higgins who reveals his shorthand notes. She is distressed, thinking that she is in trouble. Henry rebukes her: HIGGINS: Dont be ridiculous. Whos hurting you, you silly girl? The crowd gives Higgins a hard time when they realize he is a gentleman instead of a policeman. At first, the citizens are quite concerned about the poor flower girl. Eliza expresses her distress (and reveals the nature of the crowd) in the following quote and subsequent stage direction: ELIZA: I aint done nothing wrong by speaking to the gentleman. Ive a right to sell flowers if I keep off the kerb. (Hysterically) Im a respectable girl: so help me, I never spoke to him except to ask him to buy a flower off me. (General hubbub, mostly sympathetic to the flower girl, but deprecating her excessive sensibility. Cries of Dont start hollerin. Whos hurting you? Nobodys going to touch you. Whats the good of fussing? Steady on. Easy, easy, etc., come from the elderly staid spectators, who pat her comfortingly. Less patient ones bid her shut her head, or ask her roughly what is wrong with her. (...) The flower girl, distraught and mobbed, breaks through them to the gentleman, crying mildly.) Oh, sir, dont let him charge me. You dunno what it means to me. Theyll take away my character and drive me on the streets for speaking to gentlemen. Prof. Higgins listens to peoples accents and cleverly recognizes where they are from and where they have been. The crowd is both impressed and perturbed at his uncanny abilities. The rain stops and the crowd disperses. Colonel Pickering, the man who gave Doolittle spare change, is intrigued by Higgins. The professor explains that he can identify a persons origins based solely on phonetics, the science of speech. Meanwhile, Eliza is still nearby, sulking and muttering to herself. Higgins complains that the flower girls speech is an insult to the majestic English language. Yet he also boasts that he is so skilled in phonetics that he could train her to speak like royalty. Pickering reveals his name, explaining that he has written a book on Indian dialects. By coincidence, Higgins had been hoping to meet the distinguished Colonel, just as Col. Pickering had been hoping to meet Higgins. Delighted by their chance encounter, Higgins insists that Pickering stay at his home. Before they leave, Eliza begs them to buy some of her flowers. Higgins drops a large amount of coins into her basket, amazing the young woman who very likely has never paid so much. She celebrates by taking a taxi cab home. Freddy, the wealthy young man who originally hailed the taxi says Well, Im dashed, in response to the flower girls confident attitude.

Zara Digital Strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Zara Digital Strategy - Assignment Example It is of the essence to note that there are various players when it comes to the clothing industry. These firms have also adapted rigorous strategies to ensure that they tap into the market potential and maintain the customers which they gain in the process. In the case of Zara, the first thing which should be embraced is to do with technology. The contemporary world is one which is marred with a lot of digital content. In this connection, the company ought to establish a significant presence on the internet. The website should be optimized for the purpose of ensuring it can be easily found and the information on it can be easily accessed. The company can also partner with search engine companies and include advertisements on the web pages that are searched. This will ensure that a significant number of web users are aware of the company and the activities it engages in. Still in the case of internet presence, the company should have a presence on popular social network sites such as Twitter and Facebook. This is because such sites have a significant number of users who may have an interest on the products which are on offer. The information on these sites relating to the company should be continually updated to reflect the happenings within the company especially with regards to the products. The main idea in the case of the marketing is to get as many people as possible to know about the products which Zara has to offer. At the same time, these people should also be shown that they can acquire the products which are on offer. The target market with regards to the products cuts across all age groups; ranging from the young even to people in their elderly years. Similarly, the prices of the commodities are mid range. This means that a significant number of individuals can own the clothes. The marketing activity is one which can take quite a lot of financial outlay. However, the most important thing is to ensure

Spatial City Park and Ride Transport Planning Essay

Spatial City Park and Ride Transport Planning - Essay Example The system is meant to have people park their cars, motorcycles and bicycles at a given place the take a ride in larger vehicle like a bus to complete their journey. The destinations include offices, market places, banks, schools, hospitals, residential areas, entertainment spots, leisure parks, airports, railway stations and city exit highways among others. The transport system must therefore be designed in a way that enables a smooth transition from a personal to a collective mode of transport (Rondanini, 1981, 42). It is important to note that buses used for this purpose are big and clumsy vehicles that need lots of space to turn, park and take off as the services they offer may demand. The main advantage of buses is that they are cheap to move in because they carry a lot of people at a go thus the passengers benefit from economies of scale. Moreover, despite their clumsiness, they are far more versatile than trams and trains which need more room and rails in order to run. They are therefore an integral part of city transport planning (Le Corbusier, 1985, 81). All the same due to their clumsiness, one of the things to avoid in planning is the idea of the Park and Ride buses moving everywhere in the town thus causing snarl ups and a general bad temper among motorists and pedestrians alike. Buses must have specific routes that they use so as to avoid this unpleasant eventuality. However, these routes will prove to be of little use if they do not get the passengers as close to where they wish to go as possible (Le Corbusier, 1985, 81). The London Park and Ride System Plan A close look at the London Plan reveals that all these factors were taken into consideration when the transport system was being designed. Though it is not a building, a road design still has to adhere to the three tenets of architecture identified by the Roman architect Vitruvius being firmitas, utilitas, venustas (durability, utility and beauty) (Rowland & Howe,1999, 2). For the transport system, durability depends on utility in that the roads must continue to serve their purposes without the need to change them. The system also needs to be well made overall for aesthetic value (Rowland & Howe,1999, 2). The London bus plan seen in Fig 1 below was actually set up to ensure that all the major areas were either served directly by bus and other light transit forms such as small goods trucks or the transport was available as close to them as possible. The main transit line cuts right across the city from Notting Hill in the west to Liverpool Street in the east across the river Thames. Links were created along this main line connecting other parts of the city northwards and southwards. The East London transit phase connected the transit lines in the east of the city while the several extensions that were made later connected other areas to the north and south. Tramlinks at The Bus Route System Fig. 1 London Bus Routes (Courtesy of Maps of the World, 2011, Croydon, Purley and Sutton to the south served a similar purpose of connecting the southern areas of t he city (The London Plan, 2011). As seen in Fig 1 above most of the bus routes are concentrated around the center of the city between the Marble Arch and Trafalgar Square. This is because the center of the city is naturally where most of the business and tour activities take place hence a high number of visitors. As stated earlier, the design of these transport system cannot fail to take into consideration the aesthetic value and general heritage of the city. The routes were strategically designed to pas as close as possible to the major landmarks of the city. The landmarks include the Buckingham Palace, Westminster Cathedral, Trafalgar Square, The London Bridge and the three parks of Regent’

Pre-Columbian History of the Caribbean Indigenous People Essay Example for Free

Pre-Columbian History of the Caribbean Indigenous People Essay Both indigenous groups, Tainos and Siboneys migrated to the Caribbean region. The first indigenous group to migrate to the Caribbean was the Siboneys. Although their origin has been debated, the common perception is that they came from either the southern top of modern day Florida or Mexico. It is estimated that around 500 B. C. they settled in the Greater Antilles region of the Caribbean. This region includes the Bahamas, Cuba and Jamaica. The Taino migration occurred approximately around the same time as the Siboneys. Their migration started from the South American mainland, most notably the area between Venezuela and Colombia to the area known as the Lesser Antilles of the Caribbean. This area included islands such as Trinidad and the Virgin Islands. The Taino utilized canoes to travel between each island during their migration. The canoes were made out of tree trunks and measured approximately 25 meters in length. Each canoe had a travel capacity of approximately 50 people. The main reason for the Taino migration was increased agitation and threats from the Carib indigenous people from the same region in South America. The Caribs were fierce in the their pursuit of the Taino and followed them up into the Lesser Antilles. Culturally, both the Taino and Siboney differed greatly. The Siboneys communed in small societies. Some would argue that they were culturally unsophisticated. They did not make any complex tools, just wood, stone and shells. The Siboney’s also settled by the riverside since they did not practice any form of agriculture. Their diet consisted of easily attainable animals such as fish and reptiles. They also ate wild fruits that were native to the islands. Conversely, the Taino were more advanced than their northern neighbor the Siboneys. The Taino had a complex society that consisted of settlements of as much as 500 inhabitants. They also contained a social structure for each settlement that consisted of a chief known as a cacique, a tier of elders who represented various families of each settlement, women and children. The Taino designated tasks to its members according to their position. Men cleared uninhabited areas of land and fished. Women were in charge of crop cultivation and child rearing. Unlike the Siboneys, the Taino mastered the art of farming. They farmed various crops such as yucca, guava and sweet potatoes. They also hunted various small game around the islands. The Taino also mastered clay pottery. Lastly, the Taino exercised their religious beliefs regularly. They believed in Gods that they called Zemis. The Caicique’s job was to carry out religious ceremonies by nasally ingesting a hallucinogenic mixture of tobacco and crushed sea shells through a long pipe called a cohoba. This snuff allowed the caciques to communicate with their Gods. Unlike the Siboneys, the Taino were a highly advanced society. They played a sophisticated team game called â€Å"Batey†. This game can be considered as the precursor to modern day soccer. Specially designed ball courts were created for Batey. In addition, The Taino also created jewelry and ornaments in which both men and women wore to Festivals and other celebratory events. In conclusion, the Taino and Siboney indigenous people both migrated to the Caribbean region. They both make up the genealogical and cultural starting point for all individuals who hail from the Caribbean region.

The Feminist Movement in A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen Essay -- Doll?

The Feminist Movement in A Doll's House by Henrik Ibsen    In Henrik Ibsen's, A Doll's House, the character of Nora Helmer goes through the dramatic transformation of a kind and loving housewife, to a desperate and bewildered woman, whom will ultimately leave her husband and everything she has known. Ibsen uses both the characters of Torvald and Nora to represent the tones and beliefs of 19th century society. By doing this, Ibsen effectively creates a dramatic argument that continues to this day; that of feminism. We are introduced in Act I with Nora returning from Christmas shopping. Ibsen utilizes this time for dramatic purposes of the Christian holidays and to show the struggle between a middle class marriage. Nora plans on having a big holiday bash, while Torvald would rather refrain since there is a rather limited cash flow. "Nora: Oh yes, Torvald, we can squander a little now...piles of money" (Ibsen 1506). Torvald follows up with, "But then it is three full months till the raise comes through" (Ibsen , 1506). Nora at this point in the play is nothing more than a child, careless in her action and not thinking ahead of possible consequences. Nora sees nothing wrong in spending big on Christmas. Granted this is a righteous cause, since the holidays are about giving to others, but still a parent should know the limit of happiness they should bring. At this point Torvald begins to act as "society" and unknowingly begins to use condescending terms towards Nora. "Are you scatterbrains off again?" (Ibsen 1506), "...my dear little Nora." (Ibsen 1507), (You're an odd little one" (Ibsen 1507). Torvald sees nothing wrong in these little pet names he gives Nora. He is absolutely right there is nothing wrong with pet name... ...aged to awaken or give strength to the feminist movement. Works Cited and Consulted Durbach, Errol. A Doll's House: Ibsen's Myth of Transformation. Boston: Twayne, 1991. Ibsen, Henrik. A Doll House (1879). Trans. Rolf Fjelde. Rpt. in Michael Meyer, ed. The Bedford Introduction to Literature. 5th edition. Boston & New York: Bedford/St. Martin's Press, 1999. 1564-1612. Longford, Elizabeth. Eminent Victorian Women. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1981. Phelps, Elizabeth Stuart. "The Angel Over the Right Shoulder." Solomon 1: 156-64. Solomon, Barbara H., ed. Rediscoveries: American Short Stories by Women, 1832-1916. New York: Penguin Group, 1994. Templeton, Joan. "Is A Doll House a Feminist Text?" (1989). Rpt. In Meyer. 1635-36. Templeton, Joan. "The Doll House Backlash: Criticism, Feminism, and Ibsen." PMLA (January 1989): 28-40.

Should Drinking Age Be Increased to 21

Should drinking age be increased to 21. It is no secret, that people drink alcohol before they turn 21. Stories about drinking on college campuses and high school parties are very easy to find. That is why underage drinking can be stopped if the law were changed. The major reason that people drink at an early age is because they feel it is fun and exciting to do something they are not supposed to. However, if it would be lowered to 18, then the trill of doing something illegal would vanish. Besides that, 18 is the age of adulthood in the United States, and adults should have the right to make their own decisions about alcohol consumption.What is also very important, that other countries had demonstrated that young people, who are allowed to drink at the age of 18, don’t go wild. Although the legal alcohol purchase age is 21, a majority of college students under this age consume alcohol in an irresponsible manner. This is because drinking by these youth is seen as enticing â₠¬Å"forbidden fruit†, a â€Å"badge of rebellion against authority† and a symbol of adulthood. According to National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism the major argument for lowering the drinking age is that prohibitions have always provoked over – indulgence.Those of us who have attended college over the last 25 years can certainly attest to the fact that the law has done nothing to diminish freshman and sophomore access to alcohol. It has only pushed underage consumption underground. The statistics show that many underage people drive home after a night of drinking in order to hide it from their parents. If the drinking age were lowered, young adults would feel less pressure to notify their parents that they have been drinking. Ultimately, the greatest threat to people’s safety comes, when young adults drive home under the influence.In addition, we say that 18 year olds are adult enough to kill and die in the armed forces, change the course of a n ation in the voting both, judge other adults on a jury, be prosecuted as an adult, enter into binding contracts, operate automobiles and heavy machinery, smoke tobacco, own and operate a business, have a bank account and credit card, own a house, be married and have a family of their own. As a Froma Harrop, nationally syndicated columnist wrote in her Feb. 9, 2010 article â€Å"Age Discrimination for the Young† â€Å"Being adult who cannot have a beer is highly, absurdly inconsistent. â€Å" According o her, in our imperfect world, the law has to draw lines, however arbitrary. But laws that only appear to address a problem by burdening young people aren’t wise, and they aren’t fair. For the past 20 years, the U. S. has maintained a Minimum Legal Drinking Age of 21, while in most other countries is 18, and in U. K. is as low as 16 in restaurants. According to John Cloud, writer for Time Magazine, all those countries with drinking age under 21 tend to have fewer alcohol – related problems, than we do in the U. S. In those countries, people learn how to drink from an early age and do so in the safe and supporting environment of the home.Alcohol statistics say that teens coming from homes that had no alcohol and were not taught how to drink responsibly had more issues with alcohol. The behavior in these teens was less risky if parents allowed them to drink at home. In today’s world alcohol is and always going to be a problem no matter what age we are. However, there is no evidence of massive brain impairment, alcohol dependency, or underage alcohol abuse, which the experts tell us, will be the inevitable result of lowering the drinking age in the United States.By lowering drinking age, young adults would be allowed to drink in controlled environments such as restaurants, taverns, pubs and official school and university functions. In these situations responsible drinking could be taught through role modeling and educational prog rams. Mature and sensible drinking behavior would be expected. If the drinking age was lowered, it will help kids realize how important alcohol is, and how mature we must become when we are under the influence of alcohol.

Influence on Culture Essay

Surely, not all upper middle class professionals in their late twenties or early thirties shared the same values or ideals. The media, however, used to popularize a certain image of the yuppie with features that became stereotypical and reflected, at least in the journalists’ opinion, the dominant trends in this environment. The yuppie was used to describe not only certain demographic characteristics, but also to denote a psychographic profile including â€Å"a set of behavioural and psychographic attributes that have come to constitute a commonly believed stereotype† (Wikipedia). Thus, yuppie values were supposed to be more conservative than even their parents who were often involved in social programs and idealistic movements of the 1960s and 1970s. Yuppies, on the contrary, were people tended to favour stability and devote more attention to their own problems instead of trying to reform the society. Stability for yuppies was embodied in ownership of material things. In their choice of purchases, they supposedly demonstrated a poor taste buying more expensive stuff in order to show off their wealth. Their lifestyle was heavily impacted by career demands. Career was a necessary prerequisite for sustaining a life of comfort, and its requirements acquired a paramount importance. This resulted in a frequent lack of time that took a heavy toll on their families. Family relationships were often jeopardized by the necessity to move to a different place once in a few years under the influence of the career necessity. The strain in their professional lives often resulted in moral and mental exhaustion, aggravated by the high level of competition in high-income jobs that has been labelled a rat race. Climbing a career ladder in a corporate environment requires a specific set of skills and mentality that were fostered by the yuppies with great persistence. Too often this career-making drive affected their relationships with families and friends. Yuppies were also believed to share â€Å"an entire code of unwritten etiquette can govern their activities from golf and tennis to luncheons at trendy cocktail bars† (Wikipedia). Although the yuppie social group was to some extent invented by the media, the existence of the social and political concept of this group had an undeniable influence on the conceptualisation of social realia by the contemporary society. This perception of social reality was bound to exert influence on cultural life and lead to several talented portrayals of the new groups in artistic works. The artists, unlike the media, often focused on the positive characteristics of the yuppie social group. A typical representative of the class â€Å"had high educational achievement, a high income, enjoyed urban life, had a success orientation, and was a hard worker† (Kawasaki 1994). They were able to achieve affluence in one swoop and therefore did not feel pressured to maintain aristocratic attitudes. As a result, the new generation was less obsessed with gender, racial or regional distinctions. There was even the term â€Å"buppie† – black yuppie. The yuppie generation was portrayed in the works by Jay McInerney, Bret Easton Ellis and Jill Eisenstadt, the most prominent writers of the yuppie era. The biggest success of their literature was the 1984 novel Bright Lights, Big City by McInerney. The novel also features a character seeking refuge from challenging professional environment in â€Å"Bolivian marching powder† (cocaine) to offset the continuous stress associated with crazy yuppie lifestyle (Nostalgia Central). Bret Easton’s most remarkable work was Less Than Zero (1985) in which he describes â€Å"New Lost Generation†, and Eisenstadt became famous with From Rockaway (1987). Tom Wolfe’s The Bonfire of the Vanities also depicted the effect of a decadent lifestyle on yuppie culture. This tender portrayal of the newly emerged social group was offset with indignation over lavish yuppie lifestyles, manifested through â€Å"Die Yuppie Scum† bumper stickers. Influence on Fashions Yuppies left a lasting impact on fashions of the 1980s, naturally affecting most the segment for expensive designer apparel. Their dressing style was supposed to demonstrate â€Å"conspicuous wastage† (Tomas 2001). They wore wide shouldered jackets in the day time, and on the weekends they changed to a Barbour for a country look or a ballgown that manifested their comfortable lifestyle.

Free sample - People and Organization 2. translation missing

People and Organization 2. People and Organization 2Introduction The management of resources in businesses and organizations is one of the major factor that is deemed important in the contemporary corporate world. Above all, the management of human resource has remained on top of the agenda among these businesses and organization organizations. Notably, the human resources in the contemporary corporate world are some of the determining factors on whether a company or organization would rise or fall. In connection to this, it is important to note that the management of human resources begins from the recruitment of talent, to training and equipping them with different knowledge and skills which will enhance the capability of these employees to handle challenges that arises on a daily basis in their respective fields or rather department. In reference to Silzer and Dowell (2010, p.3), for good or ill, people make the decisions and takes the actions that result in success or failure of their organizations. This report will therefore focus on some of the major issues which are considered when by companies in selecting the appropriate personnel. Notably, whereas education was a major factor which was considered in recruiting personnel in businesses and organizations, this has changed. Arguably, there are many other factors which are considered as important which must be considered to assist businesses and organizations across the globe to gain a comparative advantage over their peers in a particular industry. According to Mullins (2005, p.35), people bring their own perceptions, feelings and attitudes towards the organization, systems and styles of management, their duties and responsibilities, and the conditions under which they are working. In other words, education is not the only factor that matters in the selections process of personnel for a company. Therefore, among the issues which will be considered are; individual personality/attitudes: motivation, group and team behavior, orga nizational design and conflict resolution. Consequently, this report will focus on other factors apart from education in the analysis of the approaches that a company can use to select appropriate personnel, their effectiveness and finally on their shortcomings. Armstrong (2000) asserts that the recruitment strategy should explore methods not only of recruiting the number of people required, but also of finding staff who have the necessary skills and experience, who are likely to deliver the sort of behavior required and will fit into the organization’s culture readily. Therefore, the aim of examining the selection process would be to determine how effective a particular method is and some of the weaknesses which are reflected in the method. In addition to examining the effectiveness and weaknesses of selection processes, this report would also scrutinize the ideal profile of sales representative in a company that produces and sells cosmetics. Apparently, education is the major determinant of whether a person would be recruited by a company or not. However, this is not the case. Note that apart from education, there are other factors that increase the chances of a person being recruited. On the other, it is also assumed that all employees in a particular position must possess certain similar skills to be recruited in this department. However, this is a misleading perception since different employees have different tasks which require different knowledge and skills in different companies. For instance, a sale’s person in the motor industry needs different skills and knowledge from the one in the cosmetics industry. In line with this, a specific profile which is fit for a sales person in a company that produces and sells would be analyzed. In addition, the best selective method of a sales’ representative would also be analyzed. Needless to say, the method that is employed to select personnel determines by a lar ge percentage whether such an employee would an asset or a liability to the company. In line with this, there are different selection methods that have been identified in the corporate world. Selection Approaches Used in Selecting Personnel There are numerous approaches which have developed over time which are used to select appropriate employees who will increase the level of competitive advantage of the particular company or organization. In this respect, the hiring team is required to understand the context under which these approaches can be utilized and the factors to consider under each approach. The understanding of these factors determines by a large percentage whether the recruitment process would a success or would fail from the onset of the recruitment process. According to the Leading experts from Baker McKenzie lawyers and the Macquarie Graduate School of Management (2009), the recruitment and selection process must consider three main activities, namely; defining needs, attracting candidates and selecting candidates (p.218). In this regard, the selection processes are composed of various approaches. These include; individual personalities/attitude, motivation, group and team behavior, organizational desig n and conflict resolution. Individual Personality/Attitudes To begin with, the selection approaches to selecting appropriate employees who would raise the standards of the company or organization is utilizing individual personality and attitudes approach. In consistent with this, it is important to mention that individual personalities and attitudes are some of the most important factors which define the perspectives of the employees towards the available vacancy. In reference to Robbins (2009, p.108), factors such as job demands, the degree of required interaction with others, and the organization’s culture are examples of situational variables that moderate the personality –job performance relationship. In relation to this, individual personality and attitude plays a vital role in determining whether a person would be able to deliver results when employed. Remarkably, there is a difference between personality traits of a person and his or her overall skills for a particular job position. However, it is important to understand that the personality and attitude of a person determines the decisions which are made by the employees when faced with certain tasks. For instance, when a person is employed in the customer care department, the approach that such a person uses to deal with customer can easily be influenced by the attitude and the personality of a person. Therefore, a person can either be rational or irrational due to influences by his or her attitude and personality character. Consequently, whereas personality can determine the way employees respond to issues at the workplace, there effect is less influential. In regard to this, the use of personality as a way of determining whether an applicant is the right one for the job or not does not allow companies and organizations to recruit effectively. According to Kusluvan (2003, p.438), one does not need to modify style or curtail certain aspects of unique personality to be successful. This is irrespective of the fact that personality tests are critical in helping companies and organizations to understand individuals while at the same time helping these individuals to understand themselves. Therefore, whereas this is an important aspect in helping employees to realize some of their strengths and weaknesses, it has a lot of limitations in the sense that a good personality does not necessarily means that a person would be successful and vice versa. Motivation Motivation is another aspect or rather approach that is used to recruit personnel in companies and organizations across the globe. In this regard, the contemporary corporate world has greatly shifted from just being a ‘dry’ workplace to an enhanced workplace where employees need to be motivated to increase their productivity. On the contrary, lack of motivation at the workplace may result in low productivity and incomprehension. Therefore, by considering employees with the capability to motivate others, companies and organizations can be able to select appropriate employees for different positions. However, this is valid to a certain limit. Accordingly, Grant (2004, p.212) argues that the motivation index determined for a candidate will likely reflect motivation during the early days of employment. One of the potential shortcomings of motivation is the fact that individual motivation is affected by the conditions which have been set by the company or organization and the corporate culture which has been fostered by the company or organization. Therefore, the dependability on this approach as a way of selecting appropriate personnel is limited. Group and Team Behavior Group and team behavior play a significant role in the increasing production of companies and enhancing their comparative advantage in its industry of operation. Basically, the ability of individuals to fit in a particular group or team in the company is an important factor or rather attribute in a prospective employee. More to this point, employees are also required to work in some situation on their own. Therefore, the employee selection team need to consider both the ability to fit in a group or a team and the also the ability to work on their own. Van Velsor, McCauley Ruderman (2010, p.482) argues that some programs are structured specifically around small group activities, discussion, and personal reflection, whereas others offer hands-on opportunities through business simulations, artistic exploration. Team-building exercises, and new-skills practice. In addition, most members of the group learn through groups and teams. Therefore, understanding the ability of a person to fit in a particular group or team is an important selection aspect that must be taken into account when recruiting personnel for companies and organizations. Selecting employees using their ability to either fit or manage groups and teams may not be some of the effective way of recruiting talent into companies and organizations. This is as a result of the fact that individuals are required to fit both in teams and groups as well as work on their own. There are various limitations which have been identified along the way in using this approach in the selection approaches of employees. To begin with, since most members learn through groups and teams while on the other hand receiving orders from group or team leaders, this may affect their ability to think rationally on their own since they have learnt to depend on the decisions which are made by the group as opposed to individuals. Organizational Design In reference to Chang (2010, p.92), the organizational design must be flexible to effectively serve the purpose at hand. Therefore, while recruiting employees into the company, the selection team must consider organizational design as a way of ascertaining whether the prospective employees would be able to fit in a particular organization design based on their qualification. Notably, organizational design defines the purposes of the organization to a particular limit and therefore, any new member who is brought on board must meet certain standards before being accepted on the personnel team. Chang (2010, p.92) organizational strategies refer to preparatory activities and tasks related to workplace design, job design, employee selection and development, employee rewards and recognition, and the introduction of applicable tools for serving customers. Organizational design assists in selection of employees who are able to meet the targets which has been set by the organization or company in question. As a result of this, employers are able to acquire the exact talent that is required for their success. However, one of the weaknesses which have been noted lies in the fact that organization design changes with time. These changes have been found to affect the ability of some employees to perform in the company. This may affect the overall production of the company. Conflict Resolution According to Iyer (2000, p.8), it is clear that business principles differ across countries and these differences often translate into fundamental differences in employee selection and hiring procedures, conduct of business negotiations, information provided to consumers, pursuit of self-interest motive, to name but a few. Some of the issues which are considered are conflict resolution which falls under the ethical issues. Therefore, using conflict resolution as an approach in selecting appropriate employees is an important issue in positioning a company or organization to acquire comparative advantage. For a company to recruit personnel effectively based on their skills and knowledge in conflict resolution, these employees need to have a background understanding of the ethical issues which have been formulated not only by the company but also by regulatory bodies in the country of operation and across the globe. Nonetheless, using conflict resolution approach in dealing with the selection process is a limited way of personnel selection approach. The weaknesses of this approach in employee selection is based on the fact different department have different needs. In other words, not all departments need people to be involved in conflict resolution based on the nature of work this department handles. In line with this, conflict resolution approach is not necessarily an excellent way of recruiting appropriate personnel in the businesses and organizations. Sales Representative in a Company that Produces and Sells Cosmetics The kind of environment in which one is working is an important determinant of the qualities which are needed by such person. In line with this, different professionals are required to acquire certain skills and knowledge to be able to work in a specified environment. In consistent with this, a Sales Representative in a company that produces and sells cosmetics must possess key characters or rather qualification for him or her to be deemed as the most appropriate employee for this company. References Armstrong, M 2000, Strategic Human Resource Management: a Guide to Action. Kogan Page Publishers. Chang, CM 2010, Service Systems Management and Engineering: Creating Strategic Differentiation and Operational Excellence. John Wiley and Sons. Grant, PC 2004, The law of escalating marginal sacrifice: explaining a plethora of heretofore unresolved motivation phenomena. Maryland: University Press of America. Iyer, GR 2000, Teaching international business: ethics and corporate social responsibility. London: Routledge. Kusluvan, S 2003, Managing Employee Attitudes and Behaviors in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry. New York: Nova Publishers. Leading experts from Baker McKenzie lawyers and the Macquarie Graduate School of Management 2009, Australian master human resources guide 2009. CCH Australia Limited. Mullins, LJ 2005, Management and Organizations Behaviour. Essex: Pearson Education Limited. Robbins, S.P. (2009). Organisational behaviour: global and Southern African perspectives. Cape Town: Pearson South Africa Silzer, RF and Dowell, D 2010, Strategy-Driven Talent Management: A Leadership Imperative. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Van Velsor, E, McCauley, CD Ruderman, MN 2010, The Center for Creative Leadership Handbook of Leadership Development. John Wiley and Sons.

Broadcast vs Broadcasted as Past Form

Broadcast vs Broadcasted as Past Form Broadcast vs Broadcasted as Past Form Broadcast vs Broadcasted as Past Form By Maeve Maddox DM wonders about the usage of words such as â€Å"cast, broadcast, and cost.† As far as I can remember the past tense and past P. of broadcast is broadcast; however recently I checked an online dictionary and it has broadcasted. Is this an American standard or has it always been like this?†¨ The three examples, cast, broadcast, and cost belong to that dwindling category of strong verbs that continue to change their past forms. Broadcasted has already made the leap. The alternate form broadcasted is in the big dictionaries on both sides of the Atlantic. Merriam-Webster lists it among the inflected forms: broadcast also broadcasted; broadcast also broadcasted; broadcasting; broadcasts The OED gives it a nod in very tiny type after its definition of the radio transmission use:  Inflected pa. tense and pa. pple. broadcast. occas. broadcasted. AskOxford is unequivocally accepting: broadcast: verb (past broadcast; past part. broadcast or broadcasted) 1 transmit by radio or television. Although broadcasted has gained acceptance in the realm of radio transmissions, I would hesitate to use the -ed form to refer to sowing. Broadcast entered the language as an adjective to describe the spreading, or casting, of seed by hand, as opposed to planting it in furrows or holes. The first recorded use of the adjective is 1767. The first documented use of broadcast as a verb, still in the context of spreading seed, is 1813. It acquired its radio sense in 1921. When it comes to the regularized forms â€Å"costed’ and â€Å"casted,† writers will want to exercise caution. In modern usage casted is not universally accepted. It’s not even in the online Merriam-Webster Abridged (yet). It is in the OED, but only as an obsolete form of cast. â€Å"Elijah Wood was casted as Frodo Baggins,† sounds horribly incorrect to my ears, but an online search for casted without quotation marks brings up 3,030,000 hits; with quotation marks, 1,250,000. These numbers suggest that â€Å"casted† as the past tense of cast, at least in the context of choosing actors for a role, will eventually make it into standard usage. The form casted also crops up as a suffix in computer jargon: Using modern OpenGL and GLSL for preprocessing and ray-casted visualization, the BlockMap and its evolution are used to build a realtime multiresolution renderer for large urban models. The OED entry offers 83 numbered definitions for cast as a verb, including its use to express the casting of metal, the casting of lots, and the casting of aspersions. For these the standard past form is undeniably cast. (My search also turned up numerous examples of the nonstandard form casted in connection with the casting of metal.) Costed has not replaced past tense of cost in ordinary speech. I don’t think that many native speakers above the age of five would say â€Å"The gum ball costed a quarter.† As a transitive verb meaning â€Å"to estimate or fix the cost of production of an article or piece of work,† however, the accepted past form is costed: Rich world money systems place no value on coral or Amazonian rainforest. They cannot be traded, so they cannot be costed. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Pairs of One-Word and Two-Word FormsWhat the heck are "learnings"?

Depicting God Through the two literatures presented Essay

Depicting God Through the two literatures presented - Essay Example The drastic change presents a perception of God that is not consistent, but rather incidental, depending on the point of life of humans. The sustained harmony for seeking God that is depicted in Holly sonnet 14 is drastically eroded in Holly sonnet 10. The drastic changes depicted by the two sonnets regarding how humans love and quest for God is constantly shifting to courageous and confident hope for a happier life, is an indication of the transitional nature of human emotions, who find it necessary to have a cordial relation with God at some point, and then after they are certain they have conquered sin, the emotional change triggers a change of their heart, which are no longer broken or remorseful but rather confident and bold (Stirling, 244). The major difference between Holly sonnet 10 and Holly sonnet 14 is that; one is a depiction of God as the God who grants boldness and confidence, while the other depicts God as powerful and merciful, who is able to change people and make th em new, and who takes away their sins and cleanses them. In Holly sonnet 14, Donne presents human quest as that of a contrite heart that constantly seeks God, a heart that seeks to get united to God, that at the end, humans may enjoy the happiness of eternal life that God has promised to those who seek him with broken heart. Humans wants God to completely smash their heart for himself, through instilling in their hearts a constant desire to love God, through strong lamentations that God may â€Å"Batter†¦heart, three-persond God ; for you† (Donne, 6). Therefore, Holly sonnet 14’s quest is for a reunion with God, which is then contrasted by Holly Sonnet 10, which is a boastful proclamation of the boldness and lack of fear to face death, a contrary presentation of human quest from Holy sonnet 14. In Holly sonnet 10, humans have reached a point of courage, and there is no longer remorse for their sins, nor deep

Stress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Stress - Essay Example This kind of stress is experienced equally by administrators, managers, employees and workers. Segal et al (2008, para.2) assert that â€Å"while some stress is a normal part of life, excessive stress interferes with your productivity and reduces your physical and emotional health, so it’s important to find ways to keep it under control†. A little stress is beneficial, as it keeps one going and forces him to maintain his good performance. This is called positive stress. However, negative stress weighs heavily on one’s well being because one feels weakened enough to fight the hurdles (Volhard & Volhard, 2011). Behavioral effects of stress include discontentment, argumentative behavior, lack of attentiveness, lack of commitment to the job, and conflicts in relationships (Soreq, Friedman, & Kaufer, 2009, p.42). Physiological effects include headache, stomachache, slow digestion, obesity, decreased sex drive, blood pressure leading to coronary heart diseases, and var ious skin infections (Mayo Clinic, 2011). Before treating stress, it is important to rule out the possibility of factors that accompany stress. Segal, J., Horwitz, L., Jaffe-Gill, E., Smith, M., & Segal, R. (2008). How to reduce and manage job and workplace stress. Stress at Work. Retrieved 6 April, 2012, from

Improving Your Writing Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Improving Your Writing Skills - Essay Example This study outlines that there are several issues that should be put into consideration. The writer should organize the information using a functional format. A functional format is an arrangement that goes through a sequence as per the material that is being presented for clarity and easy understanding. This should be followed by writing down of a draft that comprises of all the important parts of the information that is to be passed to the reader. The writing of a draft is an important process as it gives the writer the opportunity to exhaust all the information that ought to be included, make changes through by removing or adding part of the document. Thus, only the relevant information gets the chance of being in the draft. It is after this process, that the final document for the reader is prepared. In order to be a good business writer, good business writing skills are essential. Through this, professionalism is observed from either side. In this regard, a business document nee ds to be short and precise. This is because most people who require this information do not have much time to go through long documents in search of the ideas that have been put down by the writers.

miRNA as Biomarkers in Forensic Body Fluids Identification

miRNA as Biomarkers in Forensic Body Fluids Identification miRNA profiling: What does not work for blood and urine identification Sarah S. Silva a, b, Teixeira, A.L b, MJ Carneiro de Sousa a,c and Medeiros, R.a, b a – ICBAS, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal b – Molecular Oncology group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal c _ National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, North Branch, 4050-167 Porto, Portugal Abstract In forensics, the identification of blood, semen or vaginal secretions can represent an important support for a criminal investigation. They can be used as a source of DNA but also can hold, only by their presence, the most probative value. Through the years many methodologies were used to identify them but all presented serious drawback. Lately, mRNA surged as a potential tool for body fluid identification but their sensibility were a serious disadvantage, even more pronounced in forensic samples. Since 2009, miRNA profiling surged as a possible tool as a confirmatory test in forensics due to their tissue specific pattern of expression. Unlike mRNAs they are much more stable due to their proprieties whose makes them less prone to degradation processes. In this report, we studied the expressional patterns of miR-127, miR-221 and RNU-48 in 50 samples of urine and blood in order to define whether or not they could be used as biomarkers for urine or blood identification. Even though our aim was to assess whether or not our miRNAs could be considered as biomarkers, we came across 2 others interesting conclusions: the impact of RNA purity in miRNAs quantification and which miRNA cannot be used as a normalisation gene for blood and urine identification. Key words: miRNA profiling, Forensic, Serology, body fluids, biological biomarkers 1- Introduction Human body fluids are important components to rely on a criminal investigation [1, 2]. As a matter of fact, a complainant’s body fluids present on items belonging to a suspect – or vice versa – holds the most probative value. For example, in a case of a sexual assault in a child, where a DNA profile recovered from the child bedding and underwear coincide with his father DNA profile, can we consider his father responsible for the sexual assault? In a case like this, it is not enough to recover a DNA profile but it is also imperative to acknowledge its source. If no serological test were done, in court, the presence of DNA could be explained as a result of the presence of epithelial cells in the child clothing which is totally common when it comes from a sibling. On the other hand, if serological tests linked the DNA profile to semen it would be way more difficult to explain its presence there. Beyond the probative value that body fluid may have in a crime scene, it is also important to acknowledge them to optimize protocols to conduct a reliable DNA profiling [3, 4]. For example, DNA extraction processes are different for blood and urine. If we conducted the protocol of blood extraction in urine samples it may result in a reduced quality of the extracted DNA e enable any conclusive DNA profile [3, 4]. There is why, body fluids identification is considered as crucial step in criminal investigation. For some, it seems easy to identify body fluids such as blood (colour), urine (smell) or even sperm (texture) however, when dried, washed or mixed with other components their identification may not be that easy [1]. It is important to highlight that in court, there is no such thing as â€Å"It seems to be sperm because it looked like it and have the same particular texture†, it is needed an undeniable proof that it is sperm. Serological test are used in forensic biology to allow the detection and identification of body fluids in both native form or as a residue left at a crime scene. Serological tests are divided in two major fields: Presumptive and confirmatory test. Presumptive tests rely on methodologies that are sensitive and performed quickly, yet they are not specific to the body fluid. Those tests can only indicate if the fluids might be present and do not unequivocally states its presence. On the other hand, confirmatory tests are indeed specific to the body fluid we s eek to identify. As presumptive tests, confirmatory testing is sensitive however, it takes a lot more time. Idealistically, we should have a battery of confirmatory test for all important body fluids in order to reliably detect and identify them. Unfortunately, there is a large cluster of presumptive tests and far less of confirmatory ones. Moreover, till date no confirmatory test is able to reliably differentiate blood from menstrual blood which is an unquestionably important body fluid in sexual cases. Over the last years, mRNA profiling became a target for body fluid identification due to its tissue specific patterns. Still, mRNA susceptibility to degradation by physical or chemical factors was an unquestionable drawback. In order to sidetrack this problem, miRNA surge with a real potential as a confirmatory test. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs with more or less than 22 nucleotides of length that, combined with the RNA-induced silencing complex, seems to regulate a major part of human gene (5 e 6 do meu artigo). Moreover, their tight relationship with Argonaute proteins, they are much less susceptive to both biotic and abiotic factors. In 2009, Hanson and colleagues were the first to introduce miRNA profiling and soon enough others followed. Those studies pointed out a large collection of miRNAs with potential as biomarker, however very few were confirmed by more than one group which revealed the lack of reproducibility of results. Moreover, when some tried to replicate the resu lts of others, they failed. For this report, we choose to test four miRNAs in both blood and urine of 50 healthy individual and study their behaviour within those body fluids. 2- Material and methods We conducted an expression profiling of 50 healthy individuals. The case group was composed by Caucasian individuals with no major pathological condition in order to erase a variable that could alter miRNAs profiles. Peripheral venous blood (Xml) and urine were collected from each subject following the obtainment of a written informed consent from all subjects. After collected the samples were processed. The samples were used for miRNAs extraction with GRS microRNA Kit (Grisp) according to the manufacturers instructions. Subsequently, miRNa priorly extracted were used as a template for cDNA synthesis using TaqMan ® MicroRNA Reverse Transcription Kit (Applied Biosystems ®). To quantify miRNA expression, real-time PCR assays were performed with a StepOneâ„ ¢ System using TaqMan ®Universal Master Mix II (Applied Biosystems ®). The target miRNAs were amplified by a set of designed primers for miR-127-5p, miR-221*, miR-222* and RNU48. miR-222* was used as a normalization gene miRNAs relative quantifications. The data analysis was performed using the StepOne Software v2.2 (Applied Biosystems ®). Statistical analysis was carried out by the computer software IBM ®SPSS ®Statistics (Version 22.0). In order to assess any statistical alterations in our normalized miRNAs expression we used 2−ΔΔCt method and Students t test. 3- Results 3.1- Cycle threshold vs RNA purity Urine samples were processed and the resulting pellet was diluted in 1ml of Tripure. Visually a wide range of pink colour was noticeable within our urine samples. Those with a deep pink were related with samples with a more substantial pellet unlike those with a less considerable pellet who presented themselves with a lighter colour. After miRNA extraction, we quantify miRNA expression of miR-222 in urine samples and perceived that only few of them were detected. Interestingly, only the ones with a lighter colour were indeed detected. This tricky situation could be explained by the ratio of absorbance at 260 nm and 280 nm which is used to assess the purity of RNA. In this case, lighter colour was also an indicator of a greater ratio, on the other hand, those with higher optical density had a very low ratio, far from the ratio of ~2.0 which is generally accepted as â€Å"pure† for RNA. In order to sidetrack this delicate situation, we choose a sample (MU26) that has an optimal 260/280nm ratio and diluted the other samples to equalize their optical density with Tripure. Posteriorly, we choose 5 samples to test and noticed a considerable decrease of Ct in the samples processed with the optimized protocol (Fig.1). The difference of Ct value is very significant, nearly 6 Ct, demonstrating that RNA purity is clearly a factor that challenge miRNA profiling. As showed, miRNA quantification goes with a low concentration or can go totally undetected when 260/280nm ratio is low however, when optimized, miRNA concentration increased significantly. As said previously, different reports indicated miRNAs as biomarkers for human body fluids identification though, when others tried to replicate them, they failed. Our results shows that for the same sample, different degrees of purity can decide whether or not a miRNA is detected, once it definitely affect their concentration. There is why, RNA purity needed to be optimal otherwise it may lead to unreliable results, which could explain, the failed attempts done by some authors when trying to replicate others results. Figure 1 Cycle threshold vs RNA purity. This figure presents the Ct values of miR-222 taken from 5 samples processed with both normal and optimized protocol (first and second column respectively). It is showed that the considerable fall of Ct values correlates with an increase of 260/280nm ratio. 3.2 – Normalization gene In qRT-PCR, data normalization is imperatively required for quantification analysis [5-7]. The integration of an invariant endogenous essay, also called as reference gene, has as its main objective correct systematic technical and/or experimental errors [6, 8]. For this essay, we choose to use RNU-48 as our reference gene for the data normalization. Widely used as normalization gene, RNU-48 is expected to have a stable pattern among samples. However, within our essay the opposite transpired. As showed in figure 2, RNU-48 was the one with a major standard deviation when compared with other 3 miRNAs analyzed which make it inappropriate as an endogenous control for our essay. Seemingly, we were not the only ones that concluded this, Sapre and colleagues also assumed that RNI-48 was inadequate as an endogenous control due to its systematic perturbation in its expression [9]. Remarkably, the unexpected miR-222 profile remained barely unaffected and presented no significant difference between urine and blood. miRNA-222 behaviour within our samples was surprising once, it is being aimed for its deregulation by many other groups. Here, it does not present any variation within samples, any variation among both body fluids, it did even remained stable within different stages of age and do not alter with gender. This particular behaviour is expected of endogenous controls. Therefore, we decided to use miR-222 as our reference gene in order to normalise our data. 3.3 – miRNAs as biomarkers Since 2009, miRNAs has been a target for forensic researcher, especially in forensic serology. The importance of both detection and identification for body fluids in criminal investigation is undeniable. Scientifically speaking, 5 years is such a short time to develop reliable new methodologies and, as already lay out by some authors, there is still so much to do. Here, we choose 4 miRNAs and decided to study their expression level in urine and blood samples. As stated earlier, we choose miR-222 as our endogenous control for our data normalisation due to its behaviour within our samples. As showed in figure 4, we can state that all miRNAs considered have different expressional patterns and all of them probabilistically significant (P RNU-48 is the one with a major difference between urine and blood. The one used numerous times as an endogenous control is upregulated about 141 times more in blood than in urine supporting our decision to not use it to normalize our data. Till now, a minor number of miRNAs have been acknowledged as tissue specific at least reliably. By definition, miRNAs are considered tissue specific when they’re found with high abundance in a specific tissue while it has low or non-existent expression in others. That differential profile patterns would allow body fluids reliable identification and serve as a significant confirmatory test. Considering our results, we can conclude that miR-127, miR-221 and RNU-48 are not suitable for neither blood nor urine identification. Despite a significant difference of expression, they do not present the expected expressional patterns to be considered as a good biomarker. Table 1 – miRNA detection in both urine and blood samples and its corresponding fold change within the body fluids. As we stated within our introduction, the miRNAs considered as biomarkers for body fluid identification in other reports have been difficult to replicate. We believe that those difficulties are linked to several factors as environmental factors, methodologies, age, gender, pathologies among several others. We know that miRNAs expression levels do alter with both biotic and abiotic factors, there is why we try to minimize the impact of those within our samples excluding, as example, acute pathological conditions. Despite considering that miR-127, miR-221 and RNU-48 are unsuitable for urine and blood identification, we wanted to study their expressional behavior within samples with different stages of age and gender. Figure 4A displays an overview of their relative quantification within female and male samples. Within blood, we did not notice any significant alteration in their expression (P>0,05). On the other hand, in urine, RNU-48 presented itself with a significant overexpression i n females (P When it comes to age, we divided our 50 samples in 3 categories: 20-40, 41-60 and over 60 years old. As it is shown in figure 4B, the relative quantification we achieved demonstrated no significant change in their expression profile (P>0,05). 4 – Conclusion and future perspectives More than just a source of DNA, body fluids sole presence can have the most probative value. Hanson and colleagues introduced miRNA profiling as a reliable tool to identify body fluids such as blood, menstrual blood, semen, vaginal secretion and urine due to their tissue-specific pattern and stability when conditioned by degradation processes. Here we focused our attention in four miRNAs: miR-127, miR-221, miR-222 and RNU-48. Soon enough miRNAs purity struck our attention when we notice that low value of 260/280nm ratio was associated with a poor degree of detection. When we upgraded our protocol the consequence reflected in a considerable decrease of the samples threshold. It would be irrefutably helpful to understand what threshold could affect miRNA profiling once, as it was shown, miRNA purity do affect considerably their quantification. It could even convey wrong outcomes once even miRNAs with high concentration within body fluids can appear with low concentration or totally inexistent. Our second result emphasised the importance of a normalisation gene. At first, we choose to use RNU-48 as our endogenous control but its behaviour within blood and urine make us reconsider our decision. RNU-48 is usually used as a reference gene due to its stable behaviour within samples however, our essay showed otherwise. Within the 4 miRNAs testes, RNU-48 was the one with a more pronounced variability within samples, which is opposed of what would be expected of a normalisation gene. Unexpectedly, miR-222 presented itself with the lowest standard deviation between blood and urine. Furthermore, we studied its expression levels and compared them within age and gender and concluded that no significant alteration was noticeable (P As stated earlier, normalisation genes are indispensable to validate qRT-PCR results however, till date, no normalisation gene is universally acknowledged. This problem is reflected in our case, where one of the most used normalisation gene proved to be unsuitable for urine and blood miRNA analysis. This subject is a very sensitive point in miRNA profiling. There is why it is imperative to focus our future line of work towards finding a reliable normalisation gene before anything else. Our main goal was to define whether or not miR-127, miR-221 or RNU-48 could have the potential to be considered as biomarkers for body fluids identification. In this case, we could establish that all four have different expressional patterns in urine and blood (fig.5) however, to be considered as biomarker it would expected a major difference within body fluids which do not happen with our miRNAs considered for this essay. There is why we conclude that none of this miRNAs have the potential to be considered as a biomarker for body fluid identification. Conflict of interest None.

Reason for the Weak Essay -- Informative, Blind Faith, God

The concept of blind faith is often difficult for rational people to comprehend. Rational people believe that every aspect of life must be able to be explained with logic. However, rationalism and faith often come in conflict with each other, creating an exceptional strife in the minds of those unable to accept that which cannot be viewed. In such divergence, the concept of nihilism is often planted into the mind of those who are incapable of acknowledging human nature and the spiritual and natural laws of life. Nihilism, the rejection of all religious and moral principles, often in the belief that life is meaningless can lead to chaos and suffering of a society. With Crime and Punishment Fyodor Dostoevsky portrays that Russian nihilism, a philosophy based on extreme rationalism, will never successfully exist because it inherently contradicts human emotions, through the relentless examination of Raskolnikov’s experiences in a Marxist society. In his own personal philosophy, Raskolnikov’s alienation from society leads him to believe that he is superior to all, such isolation impelling him to form single sided concepts about society. Initially Raskolnikov attempts to hide himself from encountering others in the world around him, â€Å"Raskolnikov was not used to crowds†¦he avoided society of every sort, more especially of late† (Dostoevsky 9). His close mindedness shuts himself off from interacting socially, but more importantly, intellectually with others, ultimately leads to forming beliefs based solely upon personal biases. His precepts on life fail to recognize the larger picture of his surroundings and the importance he plays in others’ life, bringing him to believe that life is meaningless. Raskolnikov is a dark character, extre... ...v, a common man, could represent the ideals of Dostoevsky, that nihilism cannot exist in society. From the experiences of Raskolnikov it is certain that Russian nihilism contradicts human emotions and thus will never succeed. Using a Marxist critical approach, it can be shown that Dostoevsky attempts to stop nihilism from becoming a part of Russian culture by showing emotions and actions within such rational thinkers as Raskolnikov. Through Raskolnikov, Dostoevsky shows that people cannot be entirely rational because nihilism does not account for feelings or emotions. To think in a purely rational manner is to think only with logic. Morals, emotions, and feelings do not coexist with the purely rational thought associated with nihilism. In the end, Dostoevsky shows that human emotions cannot be ignored and rationalism along with faith are a necessity for mankind.

Examining Ethnic Differences in Achievemen Essay

1. The definition of an ethnic group is a group of people of the same race or nationality that share the same cultural norms and values. 2. Three ways in which the education system may encourage separation between children of different ethnic backgrounds are: Labelling and teacher racism, many teachers label their students and studies by interactionist sociologists found out that many teachers labelled black children as disruptive and they didn’t want them in their class. Another reason is the ethnocentric curriculum. Troyna and Williams describe the curriculum in British schools as ethnocentric because it gives priority to white culture and the English language; this causes separation between white pupils and other ethnic pupils. A final reason is the selection and segregation available to schools. David Gillborn argues that marketization has given schools greater scope to select pupils. This puts some ethnic minority pupils at a disadvantage because selection gives more scope for negative stereotypes to influence decisions about school admissions. 3. There are many ways in which factors in children’s home background may lead to differences in achievement levels between ethnic groups. The first way is cultural deprivation; this is split into 3 aspects. The first is intellectual and linguistic skills. Cultural deprivation theorists argue that many children from low-income black families lack intellectual stimulation and enriching experiences. Bereiter and Engelmann consider the language spoken by low-income black American families as inadequate for educational success. The next aspect is attitudes and values. Cultural deprivation theorists say that some black children are socialised into a subculture that instils a fatalistic ‘live for toady’ attitude that does not value education and leaves them unequipped for success. The final aspect of cultural deprivation is family structure and parental support. Daniel Moynihan argues that because many black families are headed by a lone mother, their children are deprived of adequate care because she has to struggle financially in the absence of a male breadwinner. Also Ken Pryce claims that Asians are higher achievers because their cukture is more resistant to racism and gives them a greater sense of self-worth. However, he argues, black Caribbean culture is less cohesive and less resistant to racism. As a result, many balck pupils have low self-esteem and under-achieve. Another reason is Material deprivation and class. According to Flaherty; Pakistani’s and Bangladeshis are over three times more likely than whites to be in the poorest fifth of the population, as a result statistics show that Pakistani and Bangladeshi boys are among the lowest ethnic groups in the country to obtain 5 A-C GCSE’s. A final reason is racism in wider society. David Mason says â€Å" discrimination is a continuing and persistent feature of the experience of Britain’s citizens of minority ethnic origin. † 4. The differences in educational attainment between different groups of pupils have been a major focus of much sociological research. These differences can often be seen to be largely due to different social class, but also gender or ethnicity. Social class is the most significant and dominant factor when looking at these differences, but ethnicity also has a relative impact on educational achievementÃ'Ž Education has a key role to play in eradicating racism and valuing diversity and it a responsibility for all educational establishments, including those with few or no ethnic minority pupils. Promoting racial equality demands a whole school approach and commitment from all those who are involved in the life and work of their school. Racism is linked to the educational achievement of minority ethnic groups, however the connections are complex. Gilborn and Mirza conclude that ‘social class and gender differences are also associated with differences in attainment but neither can account for persistent underlying ethnic inequalities: comparing like with like, African Caribbean, Pakistani and Bangladeshi pupils do not enjoy equal opportunities. ’ They also argue that in promoting educational inclusion as a means of raising standards, there is a need ‘for clarity and guidance in translating the commitment to equality and inclusion into policy proposals and practice at the local and school level. Many cultural deprivation theorists see the lack of intellectual and linguistic skills as a major cause of under-achievement. Gordon Bowker identifies their lack of standard English as a major barrier to progress in education and integration into wider society. However the Swann Report found that language was not a major factor in under-achievement. Other cultural deprivation theorists suc as Charles Murray argue that a high rate of lone parenthood and a lack of positive male role models lead to the under-achievement of some minorities. Also Anthony Flew believes that ethnic differences in achievement stem from cultural differences outside the education system, not discrimination within it. However Geoffrey Driver criticises the cultural deprivation theory for ignoring the positive effects of ethnicity on achievement. He shows that the black Caribbean family, far from being dysfunctional, provides girls with positive role models of strong independent wome Driver argues this is why black girls tend to be more successful in education than black boys. Some socilogists that the ethnic differences in education are cause by racism. John Rex shows how racial discrimination leads to social exclusion and how this worsens the poverty faced by ethnic minorities. In housing, for instance, discrimination means that minorities are more likely to be forced into substandard acoomodation than white people of the same class. This creates separation due to the ethnic children not being able to study at home and therefore getting lower grades than the white children who are able to study at home.

Foreign Literature Essay

Nowadays, we are living in a world that everything exist makes our life easier. Technologies, upgrade and change rapid and it will last for long time. At the moment, folks is still using the most useful and informative matter in searching significant things. Internet is the best way in exploring matters, and currently numerous are exploiting it. Business, government, organizations, companies are the usual users of internet. Reasons why people use internet is because it will provide and suggest sites that you can assure you will not victim by some people who are untrusted. Business like selling and reserving house and lots has their own websites that you can visit and inquire if you are interested in buying there house and lots. Today people are not much put effort in buying or reserving house and lot, one of the reason is they are busy on their work and they cannot a lot time to visit the subdivision. Instead of visiting some subdivision they just surf the internet to know what are the subdivisions that are selling high class or regular style of houses and how extent the lots that can be reserved by the customer. Tarlac is one of the provinces who are progressive and still strive hard just to make it well-liked by the individuals who had been on this place. There are myriads of the subdivisions in Tarlac, so competition takes place. In order to have buyers, different tactics and techniques are needed. Shangri-La Homes Subdivision is a new build subdivision located at San Jose, Tarlac. STATEMENT OF THE OBJECTIVE This research is intended and developed an â€Å"Online House and Lot Reservation for Shangri-La Homes Subdivision† that can be accessed of the people who are interested in buying or reserving house and lots. Precisely, it attained the subsequent objectives: * To help people in buying and reserving house and lots in much easier ways. * To organized the transactions between the buyer and the administration * To lessen the effort of the customers. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The Online House and Lot Reservation for Shangri-La Homes Subdivision reinforced the administration of the subdivision, SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY This research concentrates only on Online House and Lot Reservation for Shangri-La Homes Subdivision. The system helped the administration of the subdivision and buyers to put less effort in buying and reserving house and lot in typical ways. Administration of the subdivision will not have more strategies to make just to have buyers, in the part of the administration they will not hire people who are giving leaflets and have an advertisement furthermore they can saved money. On the other hand, the buyers who are interested will not go to the subdivision and ask much information and they can save their time in spending it with their families.